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ARPU (Average Revenue Per User)

metrics

Quick Definition

ARPU is the average revenue generated per user over a specific period (usually monthly). Formula: Total Revenue ÷ Total Number of Users. Key metric for SaaS pricing and monetization strategy.

Detailed Explanation

ARPU helps you understand how much each customer is worth on average. Calculate monthly ARPU: Take total monthly revenue, divide by total active users. Example: ₹10L monthly revenue, 500 users → ARPU = ₹2,000/user. Track ARPU trends: Rising ARPU (customers upgrading, better monetization) vs falling ARPU (downgrading, price cuts). Segment ARPU by: Customer type (enterprise vs SMB—enterprise typically 10x higher ARPU), acquisition channel (organic vs paid), cohort (newer users vs old users), geography (US users often 5-10x India ARPU). Increase ARPU through: Add premium tiers, upsells/cross-sells, usage-based pricing, removing free forever plan, annual billing discounts (locks in revenue), better customer success (prevents downgrades). ARPU directly impacts valuation: SaaS valued at 10-20x ARR. Higher ARPU = higher ARR = higher valuation. Warning: Average can be misleading if you have both enterprise (₹1L/month) and freemium (₹0) users—median ARPU might be more useful.

Formula

ARPU = Total Monthly Revenue ÷ Total Active Users

Real-World Examples

Netflix

ARPU ₹649/month (India). Tracks carefully—if ARPU drops (plan downgrades), sign of churn risk or price sensitivity.

B2B SaaS

Started with ₹500 ARPU (SMB focus). Added enterprise tier, ARPU jumped to ₹2,000 (20% of customers on enterprise plan pull up average). Valuation increased proportionally.

Failed monetization

ARPU was ₹50/month (too low to cover ₹5K CAC). Realized pricing was 10x too low. By the time they fixed it, burned all runway.

Why It Matters for Your Startup

ARPU determines profitability. If ARPU is ₹500 but CAC is ₹5,000, you need 10+ months to recover acquisition cost. Higher ARPU = lower CAC payback period = healthier business. Investors compare ARPU across companies in your space.

Common Mistakes

  • Calculating ARPU including free users (meaningless—should be paying users only)
  • Not segmenting ARPU (enterprise ARPU vs consumer ARPU are different businesses)
  • Focusing on user growth while ARPU falls (revenue growth slows despite user growth)
  • Comparing your ARPU to companies in different markets (US vs India 10x difference)
  • Not tracking ARPU trends over time (early signal of monetization problems)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a good ARPU?

Depends on market. B2C/Consumer SaaS: ₹100-₹1,000/month. B2B SMB: ₹2,000-₹10,000/month. B2B Enterprise: ₹50,000-₹5L+/month. Higher ARPU = easier to build profitable business.

Should I include free users in ARPU?

No. Calculate ARPU only for paying customers. Free users are separate metric (conversion rate from free to paid). Mixing them gives misleading average.

How can I increase ARPU?

Add premium tiers, usage-based pricing, upsells/add-ons, remove generous free plan, better customer success (reduce downgrades), annual billing, target higher-value customers.

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ARPU (Average Revenue Per User) - Definition, Examples & Formula | StartupIdeasDB Glossary | startupideasdb.com